Steven Spielberg
Worldwide gross, in 2025 dollars, 1980 to today.$10.76bn as reported.
Based on 31 of 44 films with known box office for Steven Spielberg (70.5%). Appearances as themselves or in archive footage are not counted as films.
Hit rate 93.5%.
The biggest film is E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), at $2.66bn. The five biggest make up 40% of the total.
Photo: TMDB
The career, in four acts
Each film's money sits on its first release date. Inflation-adjusted figures use the year the money was earned.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.
Jurassic Park, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Men in Black.
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, War of the Worlds, Minority Report.
Ready Player One, The Adventures of Tintin, Lincoln.
The nightly snapshot series · the time series behind the leaderboard, with its live pointShow
This series is pre-computed and does not yet respond to the appearance switches: it always counts every credited appearance.
Annual points through 2019, monthly from 2020, then daily snapshots from 5 August 2026, with the latest shown as live (dashed, see note below).
Note on the last point: historical points only count a film once its earliest release date is at least 90 days old. The live point (dashed line above) is ungated and includes films released within the last 90 days, so it can jump ahead of the historical curve rather than extend it smoothly.
No films currently sit inside that 90-day gate for Steven Spielberg.
The biggest films
No. 1E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial$2.66bn1982
No. 2Jurassic Park$2.36bn1993
No. 3Raiders of the Lost Ark$1.30bn1981
No. 4The Lost World: Jurassic Park$1.24bn1997 · Billed 76th of 76
No. 5Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade$1.23bn1989
No. 6Men in Black$1.18bn1997 · Billed 64th of 65
No. 7Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull$1.18bn2008
No. 8Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom$1.03bn1984 · Billed 79th of 81
No. 9War of the Worlds$1.00bn2005
No. 10Saving Private Ryan$958.57m1998
No. 11Ready Player One$748.58m2018
No. 12Hook$711.65m1991
Cameos and sources
No cameos
No named source calls any of Steven Spielberg's credits a cameo, so the total and the rank are the same with cameos counted or not.
Our rule: a cameo is what a named source calls a cameo. Billing never decides. How cameos are decided
Where the numbers come from
Worldwide gross for 31 of 31 films. Primary source.
Re-releases, and the full total where The Numbers reports less. Not needed for Steven Spielberg today.
Credits, billing, dates, posters. Second opinion on the gross: TMDB has a figure for 31 of 31 films, and 25 of those agree within 5%.
Cameo calls: a named source says the appearance is a cameo. Billing never decides. None of Steven Spielberg's credits has a cameo call yet.
How the total is built
- Every film counts once, whatever the role.
- A film's gross is its original run plus re-releases.
- Inflation is adjusted from the year the money was earned, to 2025 dollars.
- Appearances as themselves and archive footage are not counted as films. Any box office they carry stays in the total unless that switch is off.
Credits by role
Director
Actor (unclassified)
36
10
Filmography
- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 1982Director$2.66bnin 2025 money
- Jurassic Park 1993Director$2.36bnin 2025 money
- Raiders of the Lost Ark 1981Director$1.30bnin 2025 money
The Numbers: $367.45m · TMDB: $389.93m
- The Lost World: Jurassic Park 1997Popcorn-Eating Man (uncredited) · Billed 76th of 76· UncreditedDirector$1.24bnin 2025 money
- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 1989Director$1.23bnin 2025 money
- Men in Black 1997Alien on TV Monitor (uncredited) · Billed 64th of 65· Uncredited$1.18bnin 2025 money
- Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 2008Director$1.18bnin 2025 money
- Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom 1984Tourist at Airport (uncredited) · Billed 79th of 81· UncreditedDirector$1.03bnin 2025 money
- War of the Worlds 2005Director$1.00bnin 2025 money
- Saving Private Ryan 1998Director$958.57min 2025 money
The receipts
Here is every film, every figure, and how we added it up.
- All time, worldwide, all roles
- adjusted for inflation, in 2025 dollars
Uncredited appearances: counted. Appearances as themselves: not counted. Cameos: counted.
We counted 31 films. Together they earned $21.94bn. Each film is counted once. That is the 5th biggest total, all time, worldwide, out of the 30 people ranked on TopLiner. Ranks come from the leaderboard published on 1 November 2026.
How it adds up
Check it yourself: add up the 31 counted films below and you get $21.94bn.
Find every film. We looked for every title Steven Spielberg is credited on. We found 211 titles. 167 are left out by the switches. That leaves 44 films.
Find the money. 31 of the 44 films have a box office figure. That is the money that cinema tickets brought in around the world. 13 have no figure we trust yet, so they add nothing. We never guess.
Count each film once. If someone acts in a film and also directs it, the film still counts one time. 2 films here have more than one job for Steven Spielberg.
Add it up. The 31 films together earned $21.94bn, adjusted for inflation, in 2025 dollars. Divide by 31 and the average is $707.68m a film.
Rank everyone. We add up every person the same way. Then we sort them from the biggest total to the smallest. Steven Spielberg has the 5th biggest total of the 30 people ranked on TopLiner.
26 of the 31 films earned $100 million or more (in dollars as reported).
Film by film: counted (31)
- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 1982$2.66bnin 2025 money
- Jurassic Park 1993$2.36bnin 2025 money
- Raiders of the Lost Ark 1981$1.30bnin 2025 money
The Numbers: $367.45m · TMDB: $389.93m
- The Lost World: Jurassic Park 1997
Counted once, even though Steven Spielberg had 2 jobs on it.
$1.24bnin 2025 money - Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 1989$1.23bnin 2025 money
- Men in Black 1997
Counted. Steven Spielberg was not named on screen.
$1.18bnin 2025 money
Show all 31 counted filmsShow fewer
- Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 2008$1.18bnin 2025 money
- Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom 1984
Counted once, even though Steven Spielberg had 2 jobs on it.
$1.03bnin 2025 money - War of the Worlds 2005$1.00bnin 2025 money
- Saving Private Ryan 1998$958.57min 2025 money
- Ready Player One 2018$748.58min 2025 money
- Hook 1991$711.65min 2025 money
- Schindler's List 1993$700.26min 2025 money
- Minority Report 2002$642.65min 2025 money
- Catch Me If You Can 2002$622.76min 2025 money
- Austin Powers in Goldmember 2002$530.74min 2025 money
- The Adventures of Tintin 2011$524.77min 2025 money
- Gremlins 1984
Counted. Steven Spielberg was not named on screen.
$508.67min 2025 moneyThe Numbers: $164.03m · TMDB: $153.08m
- Lincoln 2012$378.01min 2025 money
- The Terminal 2004$372.96min 2025 money
- The BFG 2016$267.98min 2025 money
- Disclosure Day 2026$241.15min 2025 money
- The Post 2017$230.63min 2025 money
- The Blues Brothers 1980$223.72min 2025 money
Domestic gross shown as primary: the worldwide total’s international component is a source placeholder, so it is effectively domestic only. Worldwide as reported: $57.25m (flagged unreliable).
- War Horse 2011$220.03min 2025 money
The Numbers: $156.82m · TMDB: $177.58m
- Bridge of Spies 2015$218.12min 2025 money
- Munich 2005$210.13min 2025 money
- Always 1989$177.88min 2025 money
- Amistad 1997$129.53min 2025 money
The Numbers: $65.54m · TMDB: $44.23m
- West Side Story 2021$83.68min 2025 money
- The Fabelmans 2022$45.75min 2025 money
The Numbers: $43.27m · TMDB: $45.63m
Not counted: no box office figure found (13)
- Schindler's List: 25 Years Later 2018
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- Warner at War 2008
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- A Timeless Call 2008
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- Survivors of the Shoah: Visual History Foundation 2004
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- A.I. Artificial Intelligence 2001
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- The Unfinished Journey 1999
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
Show all 13 films with no figureShow fewer
- Your Studio and You 1995
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- Nickelodeon Studios Opening Day Celebration! 1990
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- Amazing Stories: The Movie II 1990
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- Empire of the Sun 1987
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- Amazing Stories 1986
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- The Color Purple 1985
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
- Twilight Zone: The Movie 1983
Not counted. We could not find a box office figure we trust, and we never guess.
Not counted: left out by your switches (167)
- Gremlins, an american nightmare! 2026
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Maverick: The Epic Adventures of David Lean 2026
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Marty, Life Is Short 2026
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Jaws @ 50: The Definitive Inside Story 2025
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Steven Spielberg, the “New Hollywood” Prodigy 2025
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Inside the Worlds of Epic Universe 2025
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
Show all 167 films left out by the switchesShow fewer
- Breakdown: 1975 2025
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- John Candy: I Like Me 2025
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- SNL50: The Homecoming Concert 2025
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Bloody Hundredth 2024
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Music by John Williams 2024
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- François Truffaut: My Life, a Screenplay 2024
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Fabelmans: A Family in Film 2023
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Moviemakers: Spielberg 2023
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Où est parti E.T. ? L'Enfance selon Spielberg 2023
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Timeless Heroes: Indiana Jones and Harrison Ford 2023
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Albert Brooks: Defending My Life 2023
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Oprah & The Color Purple Journey 2023
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny 2023
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Stories of West Side Story 2022
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Denzel Washington: A Model American 2022
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Sergio Leone: The Italian Who Invented America 2022
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Something's Coming: West Side Story 2021
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Indiana Jones: The Search for the Lost Golden Age 2021
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Hannibal Hopkins & Sir Anthony 2021
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Rita Moreno: Just a Girl Who Decided to Go for It 2021
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Filip and Fredrik meet Steven Spielberg - for a minute 2019
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Peter Falk versus Columbo 2019
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Making Waves: The Art of Cinematic Sound 2019
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- An Oral History of: Schindler's List 2018
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Fallen Kingdom: Aboard The Arcadia 2018
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Trumbull Land 2018
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Fallen Kingdom: Malcolm's Return 2018
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- TVTV: Video Revolutionaries 2018
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Spielberg 2017
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Three Kinds of Close Encounters 2017
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- How Star Wars Was Saved in the Edit 2017
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Five Came Back 2017
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Untameable Kirk Douglas 2017
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Score: A Film Music Documentary 2017
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- A Case of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies 2016
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Roald Dahl's Most Marvellous Book 2016
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Mike Nichols: An American Master 2016
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Mifune: The Last Samurai 2016
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Video Games: The New Masters of the World 2016
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Everything Is Copy 2015
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Back in Time 2015
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Cute. Clever. Mischievous. Intelligent. Dangerous: Making Gremlins 2014
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- From Gizmo to Gremlins: Creating the Creatures 2014
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Kubrick Remembered 2014
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Concert for Valor 2014
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Altman 2014
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Magician: The Astonishing Life and Work of Orson Welles 2014
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Don't Say No Until I Finish Talking: The Story of Richard D. Zanuck 2013
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Milius 2013
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Alice Walker: Beauty in Truth 2013
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Lincoln: An American Journey 2013
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Drew: The Man Behind the Poster 2013
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Eastwood Directs: The Untold Story 2013
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Jaws: The Restoration 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The 'E.T.' Journals 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Ray Harryhausen: Special Effects Titan 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Stanley Kubrick in Focus 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Casablanca: An Unlikely Classic 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Inventing David Geffen 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Michael Curtiz: The Greatest Director You Never Heard Of 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Close Up 2012
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Return to Jurassic Park 2011
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- AFI's Master Class - The Art of Collaboration: Steven Spielberg and John Williams 2011
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Hollywood between Paranoia and Sci-Fi: The Power of Myth 2011
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Method to the Madness of Jerry Lewis 2011
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Paul 2011
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Jaws: The Inside Story 2010
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Industrial Light & Magic: Creating the Impossible 2010
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Tales from the Future 2010
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Shark Is Still Working 2009
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- A Night at the Movies: The Gigantic World of Epics 2009
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Human Factor: Exacting Revenge of the Fallen 2009
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Looking Back to the Future 2009
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Coming Attractions: The History of the Movie Trailer 2009
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Waking Sleeping Beauty 2009
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Emulsional Rescue: Revealing 'The Godfather' 2008
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Godfather: When the Shooting Stopped 2008
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Masterpiece That Almost Wasn't 2008
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Back to Room 666 2008
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Spielberg on Spielberg 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Standing on the Shoulders of Kubrick: The Legacy of 2001 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Great Bolshy Yarblockos!: Making 'A Clockwork Orange' 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- AFI: 100 Years... 100 Movies... 10th Anniversary Edition 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Red Sun, Black Sand: The Making of 'Letters from Iwo Jima' 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Visions of Stanley Kubrick 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- View from the Overlook: Crafting 'The Shining' 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Fog City Mavericks 2007
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Searching for Orson 2006
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Sci-Fi Boys 2006
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- 50 Films to See Before You Die 2006
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Watch the Skies!: Science Fiction, the 1950s and Us 2005
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- George Lucas: Creating an Empire 2005
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Duel: A Conversation with Director Steven Spielberg 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Voices from the List 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Cecil B. DeMille: American Epic 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- A Legacy of Filmmakers: The Early Years of American Zoetrope 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Artifact from the Future: The Making of 'THX 1138' 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Double Dare 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Cutting Edge: The Magic of Movie Editing 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Barbra Streisand: The Concert - Live at the MGM Grand 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Force Is with Them: The Legacy of 'Star Wars' 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Imaginary Witness: Hollywood and the Holocaust 2004
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Sound of 'Indiana Jones' 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Robert Capa: In Love and War 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Behind the Ears: The True Story of Roger Rabbit 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Catch Me If You Can: Behind the Camera 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Indiana Jones: Making the Trilogy 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'The Color Purple' 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Music of 'Indiana Jones' 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex 'n' Drugs 'n' Rock 'n' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood 2003
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary Celebration 2002
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Creating A.I. 2002
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: A Look Back 2002
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The E.T. Reunion 2002
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Music of E.T.: A Discussion with John Williams 2002
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Star Wars vs. Star Trek: The Rivalry Continues 2002
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 20th Anniversary Special 2002
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Lawrence of Arabia: A Conversation with Steven Spielberg 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'Close Encounters of the Third Kind' 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Beginning: The Making of Star Wars Episode I 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- R2-D2: Beneath the Dome 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Joe Spinell Story 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'Band of Brothers' 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Vanilla Sky 2001
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- American Beauty: Look Closer... 2000
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Chuck Jones: Extremes and In-Betweens - A Life in Animation 2000
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Remembering Stanley Kubrick 1999
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan 1999
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Last Movie: Stanley Kubrick and 'Eyes Wide Shut' 1999
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Spielberg on Kubrick 1999
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- From Star Wars to Star Wars: The Story of Industrial Light & Magic 1999
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Forever Hollywood 1999
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Director's Vision: Hollywood's Best Discuss Their Craft 1998
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'Scarface' 1998
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'The Lost World' 1997
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Blacks and Jews 1997
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Middle Passage 1997
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- In the Teeth of Jaws 1997
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial' 1996
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of '1941' 1996
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Universal Story 1996
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'Jaws' 1995
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- In Search of Clarity: The Architecture of Gwathmey Siegel 1995
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'Jurassic Park' 1995
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- A Century of Cinema 1994
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Magical World of Chuck Jones 1992
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Here's Looking At You, Warner Bros. 1991
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Martin Scorsese Directs 1990
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson 1990
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The China Odyssey: Empire of the Sun 1987
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of Back to the Future 1986
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making Of The Goonies 1985
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- David Lean: A Life in Film 1985
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Room 666 1985
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom' 1984
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of Poltergeist 1982
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Great Movie Stunts: Raiders of the Lost Ark 1981
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- The Making of 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' 1981
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
- Star Wars: Music by John Williams 1980
Left out because appearances as themselves are switched off.
TopLiner · the film bankability index · ranks from the leaderboard for 1 November 2026, published 1 November 2026 09:26 UTC. Totals, the chart and the filmography are worked out from the latest data each time this page is refreshed.